<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
  <head>

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>推迟分片分配 | Elasticsearch: 权威指南 | Elastic</title>
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Elasticsearch: 权威指南">
<link rel="up" href="post_deploy.html" title="部署后">
<link rel="prev" href="indexing-performance.html" title="索引性能技巧">
<link rel="next" href="_rolling_restarts.html" title="滚动重启">
<meta name="DC.type" content="Learn/Docs/Elasticsearch/Definitive Guide">
<meta name="DC.subject" content="Elasticsearch">
<meta name="DC.identifier" content="2.x">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/18132920325.js"></script>
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-icon-57x57.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-icon-60x60.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-icon-76x76.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-icon-114x114.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-icon-120x120.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-icon-144x144.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-icon-152x152.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-icon-180x180.png">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16">
    <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Elastic">
    <meta name="application-name" content="Elastic">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/mstile-144x144.png">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
    <meta name="naver-site-verification" content="936882c1853b701b3cef3721758d80535413dbfd">
    <meta name="yandex-verification" content="d8a47e95d0972434">
    <meta name="localized" content="true">
    <meta name="st:robots" content="follow,index">
    <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.elastic.co/static/images/elastic-logo-200.png">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="64x64" href="/favicon_64x64_16bit.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon_32x32.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon_16x16.png">
    <!-- Give IE8 a fighting chance -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/guide/static/styles.css">
  </head>

  <!--© 2015-2021 Elasticsearch B.V. Copying, publishing and/or distributing without written permission is strictly prohibited.-->

  <body>
    <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
    <script>dataLayer = [];</script><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-58RLH5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
    <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-58RLH5');</script>
    <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-12395217-16"></script>
    <script>
      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
      gtag('js', new Date());
      gtag('config', 'UA-12395217-16');
    </script>

    <!--BEGIN QUALTRICS WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
      (function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){
      this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null};
      this.set=function(a,c){var b="",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b="; expires="+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+"="+c+b+"; path=/; "};
      this.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(":");else if(100!=e)"v"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(":"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case "v":return!1;case "r":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(":")),!c}return!0};
      this.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}};
      this.start=function(){var a=this;window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",function(){a.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",function(){a.go()})}};
      try{(new g(100,"r","QSI_S_ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF","https://znemkp0ose9qrn7kf-elastic.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/WRSiteInterceptEngine/?Q_ZID=ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF")).start()}catch(i){}})();
    </script><div id="ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF"><!--DO NOT REMOVE-CONTENTS PLACED HERE--></div>
    <!--END WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->

    <div id="elastic-nav" style="display:none;"></div>
    <script src="https://www.elastic.co/elastic-nav.js"></script>

    <!-- Subnav -->
    <div>
      <div>
        <div class="tertiary-nav d-none d-md-block">
          <div class="container">
            <div class="p-t-b-15 d-flex justify-content-between nav-container">
              <div class="breadcrum-wrapper"><span><a href="/guide/" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: #000;">Docs</a></span></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="main-container">
      <section id="content">
        <div class="content-wrapper">

          <section id="guide" lang="zh_cn">
            <div class="container">
              <div class="row">
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 guide-section">
                  <!-- start body -->
                  <div class="page_header">
<b>请注意:</b><br>本书基于 Elasticsearch 2.x 版本，有些内容可能已经过时。
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="breadcrumbs">
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="index.html">Elasticsearch: 权威指南</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="administration.html">管理、监控和部署</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="post_deploy.html">部署后</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-node">推迟分片分配</span>
</div>
<div class="navheader">
<span class="prev">
<a href="indexing-performance.html">« 索引性能技巧</a>
</span>
<span class="next">
<a href="_rolling_restarts.html">滚动重启 »</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h2 class="title">
<a id="_delaying_shard_allocation"></a>推迟分片分配<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/520_Post_Deployment/35_delayed_shard_allocation.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h2>
</div></div></div>
<p>正如我们在 <a class="xref" href="_scale_horizontally.html" title="水平扩容">水平扩容</a> 讨论过， Elasticsearch 将自动在可用节点间进行分片均衡，包括新节点的加入和现有节点的离线。</p>
<p>理论上来说，这个是理想的行为，我们想要提拔副本分片来尽快恢复丢失的主分片。
我们同时也希望保证资源在整个集群的均衡，用以避免热点。</p>
<p>然而，在实践中，立即的再均衡所造成的问题会比其解决的更多。举例来说，考虑到以下情形：</p>
<div class="olist orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist">
<li class="listitem">
Node（节点） 19 在网络中失联了（某个家伙踢到了电源线)
</li>
<li class="listitem">
Master 立即注意到了这个节点的离线，它决定在集群内提拔其他拥有 Node 19 上面的主分片对应的副本分片为主分片
</li>
<li class="listitem">
在副本被提拔为主分片以后，master 节点开始执行恢复操作来重建缺失的副本。集群中的节点之间互相拷贝分片数据，网卡压力剧增，集群状态尝试变绿。
</li>
<li class="listitem">
由于目前集群处于非平衡状态，这个过程还有可能会触发小规模的分片移动。其他不相关的分片将在节点间迁移来达到一个最佳的平衡状态
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>与此同时，那个踢到电源线的倒霉管理员，把服务器插好电源线进行了重启，现在节点 Node 19 又重新加入到了集群。不幸的是，这个节点被告知当前的数据已经没有用了，
数据已经在其他节点上重新分配了。所以 Node 19 把本地的数据进行删除，然后重新开始恢复集群的其他分片（然后这又导致了一个新的再平衡）</p>
<p>如果这一切听起来是不必要的且开销极大，那就对了。是的，不过前提是你知道这个节点会很快回来。如果节点 Node 19 真的丢了，上面的流程确实正是我们想要发生的。</p>
<p>为了解决这种瞬时中断的问题，Elasticsearch 可以推迟分片的分配。这可以让你的集群在重新分配之前有时间去检测这个节点是否会再次重新加入。</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_修改默认延时"></a>修改默认延时<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/520_Post_Deployment/35_delayed_shard_allocation.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>默认情况，集群会等待一分钟来查看节点是否会重新加入，如果这个节点在此期间重新加入，重新加入的节点会保持其现有的分片数据，不会触发新的分片分配。</p>
<p>通过修改参数 <code class="literal">delayed_timeout</code> ，默认等待时间可以全局设置也可以在索引级别进行修改:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-js">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-js">PUT /_all/_settings <a id="CO308-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
{
  "settings": {
    "index.unassigned.node_left.delayed_timeout": "5m" <a id="CO308-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
  }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO308-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>通过使用 <code class="literal">_all</code> 索引名，我们可以为集群里面的所有的索引使用这个参数</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO308-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>默认时间被修改成了 5 分钟</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>这个配置是动态的，可以在运行时进行修改。如果你希望分片立即分配而不想等待，你可以设置参数： <code class="literal">delayed_timeout: 0</code>.</p>
<div class="note admon">
<div class="icon"></div>
<div class="admon_content">
<p>延迟分配不会阻止副本被提拔为主分片。集群还是会进行必要的提拔来让集群回到 <code class="literal">yellow</code> 状态。缺失副本的重建是唯一被延迟的过程。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_自动取消分片迁移"></a>自动取消分片迁移<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/520_Post_Deployment/35_delayed_shard_allocation.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>如果节点在超时之后再回来，且集群还没有完成分片的移动，会发生什么事情呢？在这种情形下，
Elasticsearch 会检查该机器磁盘上的分片数据和当前集群中的活跃主分片的数据是不是一样 — 如果两者匹配，
说明没有进来新的文档，包括删除和修改 — 那么 master 将会取消正在进行的再平衡并恢复该机器磁盘上的数据。</p>
<p>之所以这样做是因为本地磁盘的恢复永远要比网络间传输要快，并且我们保证了他们的分片数据是一样的，这个过程可以说是双赢。</p>
<p>如果分片已经产生了分歧（比如：节点离线之后又索引了新的文档），那么恢复进程会继续按照正常流程进行。重新加入的节点会删除本地的、过时的数据，然后重新获取一份新的。</p>
</div>

</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<span class="prev">
<a href="indexing-performance.html">« 索引性能技巧</a>
</span>
<span class="next">
<a href="_rolling_restarts.html">滚动重启 »</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>

                  <!-- end body -->
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4" id="right_col">
                  <div id="rtpcontainer" style="display: block;">
                    <div class="mktg-promo">
                      <h3>Most Popular</h3>
                      <ul class="icons">
                        <li class="icon-elasticsearch-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/getting-started-elasticsearch?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">Get Started with Elasticsearch: Video</a></li>
                        <li class="icon-kibana-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/getting-started-kibana?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">Intro to Kibana: Video</a></li>
                        <li class="icon-logstash-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/introduction-elk-stack?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">ELK for Logs &amp; Metrics: Video</a></li>
                      </ul>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </section>

        </div>


<div id="elastic-footer"></div>
<script src="https://www.elastic.co/elastic-footer.js"></script>
<!-- Footer Section end-->

      </section>
    </div>

<script src="/guide/static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/guide/static/docs.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  window.initial_state = {}</script>
  </body>
</html>
